Vue2 源码从零详解系列文章, 还没有看过的同学可能需要看一下之前的,vue.windliang.wang/ (opens new window)

# 场景

import { observe } from "./reactive";
import { initComputed } from "./state";
import Watcher from "./watcher";
const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
        title: "标题",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
        name2: {
            get() {
                console.log("name2我执行啦!");
                return "name2" + this.firstName + this.secondName;
            },
            set() {
                console.log("name2的我执行啦!set执行啦!");
            },
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);
initComputed(options.data, options.computed);

Vue 中肯定少不了 computed 属性的使用,computed 的最大的作用就是惰性求值,同时它也是响应式数据。

这篇文章主要就来实现上边的 initComputed 方法。

# 实现思路

主要做三件事情

  1. 惰性的响应式数据
  2. 处理 computed 的值
  3. computed 属性的响应式

# 惰性的响应式数据

回想一下我们之前的 Watcher

如果我们调用 new Watcher

const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);

new Watcher(options.data, options.computed.name);

Watcher 内部我们会立即执行一次 options.computed.name 并将返回的值保存起来。

export default class Watcher {
    constructor(data, expOrFn, cb, options) {
        this.data = data;
      	if (typeof expOrFn === "function") {
            this.getter = expOrFn;
        } else {
            this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn);
        }
        ...
        this.value = this.get();
    }
  	/**
     * Evaluate the getter, and re-collect dependencies.
     */
    get() {
        pushTarget(this); // 保存包装了当前正在执行的函数的 Watcher
        let value;
        try {
            value = this.getter.call(this.data, this.data);
        } catch (e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            // "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
            // dependencies for deep watching
            if (this.deep) {
                traverse(value);
            }
            popTarget();
            this.cleanupDeps();
        }
        return value;
    }

为了实现惰性求值,我们可以增加一个 lazy 属性,构造函数里我们不去直接执行。

同时增加一个 dirty 属性,dirtytrue 表示 Watcher 依赖的属性发生了变化,需要重新求值。dirtyfalse 表示 Watcher 依赖的属性没有发生变化,无需重新求值。

export default class Watcher {
    constructor(data, expOrFn, cb, options) {
        this.data = data;
        if (typeof expOrFn === "function") {
            this.getter = expOrFn;
        } else {
            this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn);
        }
        this.depIds = new Set(); // 拥有 has 函数可以判断是否存在某个 id
        this.deps = [];
        this.newDeps = []; // 记录新一次的依赖
        this.newDepIds = new Set();
        this.id = ++uid; // uid for batching
        this.cb = cb;
        // options
        if (options) {
            this.deep = !!options.deep;
            this.sync = !!options.sync;
          	/******新增 *************************/
            this.lazy = !!options.lazy;
            /************************************/

        }
      	/******新增 *************************/
        this.dirty = this.lazy;
        this.value = this.lazy ? undefined : this.get();
       /************************************/
    }

我们把 computed 的函数传给 Watcher 的时候可以增加一个 lazy 属性,cb 参数是为了 watch 使用,这里就传一个空函数。

const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);

const noop = () => {}
const watcher = new Watcher(options.data, options.computed.name, noop, {
    lazy: true,
});
console.log(watcher.value);

此时 wacher.value 就是 undefined 了,没有拿到值。

我们还需要在 Wacher 类中提供一个 evaluate 方法,供用户手动执行 Watcher 所保存的 computed 函数。

export default class Watcher {
    constructor(data, expOrFn, cb, options) {
        this.data = data;
        if (typeof expOrFn === "function") {
            this.getter = expOrFn;
        } else {
            this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn);
        }
        ...
        // options
        if (options) {
            this.deep = !!options.deep;
            this.sync = !!options.sync;
            this.lazy = !!options.lazy;
        }
        this.dirty = this.lazy;
        this.value = this.lazy ? undefined : this.get();
    }

    /**
     * Evaluate the getter, and re-collect dependencies.
     */
    get() {
        pushTarget(this); // 保存包装了当前正在执行的函数的 Watcher
        let value;
        try {
            value = this.getter.call(this.data, this.data);
        } catch (e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            // "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
            // dependencies for deep watching
            if (this.deep) {
                traverse(value);
            }
            popTarget();
            this.cleanupDeps();
        }
        return value;
    }

    ...

    /**
     * Evaluate the value of the watcher.
     * This only gets called for lazy watchers.
     */
    /******新增 *************************/
    evaluate() {
        this.value = this.get();
        this.dirty = false; // dirty 为 false 表示当前值已经是最新
    }
		/**********************************/
}

输出 value 之前我们可以先执行一次 evaluate

const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);

const noop = () => {};
const watcher = new Watcher(options.data, options.computed.name, noop, {
    lazy: true,
});
console.log(watcher.value);
watcher.evaluate();
console.log(watcher.value);

输出结果如下:

image-20220420084245239

我们解决了初始时候的惰性,但如果去修改 firstName 的值,Watcher 还会立即执行,如下所示:

const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);

const noop = () => {};
const watcher = new Watcher(options.data, options.computed.name, noop, {
    lazy: true,
});
console.log(watcher.value);
watcher.evaluate();
console.log(watcher.value);

console.log("修改 firstName 的值");
options.data.firstName = "wind2";
setTimeout(() => {
    console.log(watcher.value);
}); // 为什么用 setTimeout 参考 https://vue.windliang.wang/posts/Vue2%E5%89%A5%E4%B8%9D%E6%8A%BD%E8%8C%A7-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B9%8BnextTick.html

输出如下:

image-20220420085931210

因此,当触发 Watcher 执行的时候,我们应该只将 dirty 置为 true 而不去执行。

export default class Watcher {
    constructor(data, expOrFn, cb, options) {
        this.data = data;
        if (typeof expOrFn === "function") {
            this.getter = expOrFn;
        } else {
            this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn);
        }
        ...
        this.dirty = this.lazy;
        this.value = this.lazy ? undefined : this.get();
    }

    /**
     * Evaluate the getter, and re-collect dependencies.
     */
    get() {
        pushTarget(this); // 保存包装了当前正在执行的函数的 Watcher
        let value;
        try {
            value = this.getter.call(this.data, this.data);
        } catch (e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            // "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
            // dependencies for deep watching
            if (this.deep) {
                traverse(value);
            }
            popTarget();
            this.cleanupDeps();
        }
        return value;
    }
    /**
     * Subscriber interface.
     * Will be called when a dependency changes.
     */
    update() {
       /******新增 *************************/
        if (this.lazy) {
            this.dirty = true;
          /************************************/
        } else if (this.sync) {
            this.run();
        } else {
            queueWatcher(this);
        }
    }
  

这样,在使用 name 值前,我们先判断下 dirty ,如果 dirtytrue ,先手动调用 evaluate 方法进行求值,然后再使用。

const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);

const noop = () => {};
const watcher = new Watcher(options.data, options.computed.name, noop, {
    lazy: true,
});
console.log(watcher.value);
watcher.evaluate();
console.log(watcher.value);

console.log("修改 firstName 的值");
options.data.firstName = "wind2";
setTimeout(() => {
    if (watcher.dirty) {
        watcher.evaluate();
    }
    console.log(watcher.value);
}); // 为什么用 setTimeout 参考 https://vue.windliang.wang/posts/Vue2%E5%89%A5%E4%B8%9D%E6%8A%BD%E8%8C%A7-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B9%8BnextTick.html

# 处理 computed 的值

接下来就是 initComputed 的逻辑,主要就是结合上边所讲的,将传进来的 computed 转为惰性的响应式数据。

export function noop(a, b, c) {}

const computedWatcherOptions = { lazy: true };

// computed properties are just getters during SSR
export function initComputed(data, computed) {
    const watchers = (data._computedWatchers = Object.create(null)); // 保存当前所有的 watcher,并且挂在 data 上供后边使用

    for (const key in computed) {
        const userDef = computed[key];
        const getter = typeof userDef === "function" ? userDef : userDef.get; // 如果是对象就取 get 的值
        // create internal watcher for the computed property.
        watchers[key] = new Watcher(
            data,
            getter || noop,
            noop,
            computedWatcherOptions
        );

        // component-defined computed properties are already defined on the
        // component prototype. We only need to define computed properties defined
        // at instantiation here.
        defineComputed(data, key, userDef);
    }
}

上边的 defineComputed 主要就是将 computed 函数定义为 data 的属性,这样就可以像正常属性一样去使用 computed

const sharedPropertyDefinition = {
    enumerable: true,
    configurable: true,
    get: noop,
    set: noop,
};
export function defineComputed(target, key, userDef) {
    // 初始化 get 和 set
    if (typeof userDef === "function") {
        sharedPropertyDefinition.get = createComputedGetter(key);
        sharedPropertyDefinition.set = noop;
    } else {
        sharedPropertyDefinition.get = userDef.get
            ? createComputedGetter(key)
            : noop;
        sharedPropertyDefinition.set = userDef.set || noop;
    }
    // 将当前属性挂到 data 上
    Object.defineProperty(target, key, sharedPropertyDefinition);
}

其中 createComputedGetter 中去完成我们手动更新 Watcher 值的逻辑。

function createComputedGetter(key) {
    return function computedGetter() {
        const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key]; // 拿到相应的 watcher
        if (watcher) {
            if (watcher.dirty) {
                watcher.evaluate();
            }
            return watcher.value;
        }
    };
}

让我们测试一下 initComputed

import { observe } from "./reactive";
import { initComputed } from "./state";
import Watcher from "./watcher";
const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
        title: "标题",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
        name2: {
            get() {
                console.log("name2我执行啦!");
                return "name2" + this.firstName + this.secondName;
            },
            set() {
                console.log("name2的我执行啦!set执行啦!");
            },
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);
initComputed(options.data, options.computed);

const updateComponent = () => {
    console.log("updateComponent执行啦!");
    console.log("我使用了 name2", options.data.name2);
    document.getElementById("root").innerText =
        options.data.name + options.data.title;
};

new Watcher(options.data, updateComponent);

分析一下 updateComponent 函数执行的逻辑:

  • console.log("我使用了 name2", options.data.name2);

    读取了 name2 的值,所以会触发我们定义好的 get ,触发 computedname2.get 函数的执行。

  • document.getElementById("root").innerText = options.data.name + options.data.title;:

    读取了 name 的值,会触发 computedname 函数的执行。

    读取了 title 的值,data.title 会收集当前 Watcher ,未来 data.title 改变的时候,会触发 updateComponent 函数的执行。

下边是输出结果:

image-20220420091914961

此时我们如果修改 title 的值,updateComponent 函数会重新执行,但因为 namename2 依赖的属性值并没有发生变化,所以他们相应的函数就不会执行了。

image-20220420092134386

# computed 属性的响应式

思考下边的场景:

import { observe } from "./reactive";
import { initComputed } from "./state";
import Watcher from "./watcher";
const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
        title: "标题",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);
initComputed(options.data, options.computed);

const updateComponent = () => {
    console.log("updateComponent执行啦!");
    document.getElementById("root").innerText =
        options.data.name + options.data.title;
};

new Watcher(options.data, updateComponent);

setTimeout(() => {
    options.data.firstName = "wind2";
}, 1000); // 为什么用 setTimeout 参考 https://vue.windliang.wang/posts/Vue2%E5%89%A5%E4%B8%9D%E6%8A%BD%E8%8C%A7-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B9%8BnextTick.html

当我们修改了 firstName 的值,毫无疑问,namename2 的值肯定也会变化,使用了 namename2 的函数 updateComponent 此时也应该执行。

但事实上只在第一次的时候执行了,并没有二次触发。

image-20220420093442962

让我们看一下当前的收集依赖图:

image-20220420094032444

title 属性收集了包含 updateComponent 函数的 WatcherfirstNamesecondName 属性都收集了包含 computed.name() 函数的 Watcher

name 属性是我们后边定义的,没有 Dep 类,什么都没有收集。

我们现在想要实现改变 firstName 或者 secondName 值的时候,触发 updateComponent 函数的执行。

我们只需要读取 name 的时候,让 firstNamesecondName 收集一下当前的 Watcher ,因为读取 name 的值是在 updateComponent 中执行的,所以当前 Watcher 就是包含了 updateComponent 函数的 Watcher

怎么让 firstNamesecondName 收集当前的 Watcher 呢?

nameget 中,我们能拿到 computed.name() 对应的 Watcher ,而在 Watcher 实例中,我们把它所有的依赖都保存起来了,也就是这里的 firstNamesecondName ,如下图:

image-20220420100828571

所以我们只需在 Watcher 中提供一个 depend 方法, 遍历所有的依赖收集当前 Watcher

export default class Watcher {
    constructor(data, expOrFn, cb, options) {
        this.data = data;
        if (typeof expOrFn === "function") {
            this.getter = expOrFn;
        } else {
            this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn);
        }
        this.depIds = new Set(); // 拥有 has 函数可以判断是否存在某个 id
        this.deps = [];
        this.newDeps = []; // 记录新一次的依赖
        this.newDepIds = new Set();
        ...
        this.dirty = this.lazy;
        this.value = this.lazy ? undefined : this.get();
    }

    /**
     * Add a dependency to this directive.
     */
    addDep(dep) {
        const id = dep.id;
        // 新的依赖已经存在的话,同样不需要继续保存
        if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
            this.newDepIds.add(id);
            this.newDeps.push(dep);
            if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
                dep.addSub(this);
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * Evaluate the value of the watcher.
     * This only gets called for lazy watchers.
     */
    evaluate() {
        this.value = this.get();
        this.dirty = false;
    }
  	/******新增 *************************/
    /**
     * Depend on all deps collected by this watcher.
     */
    depend() {
        let i = this.deps.length;
        while (i--) {
            this.deps[i].depend();
        }
    }
   /************************************/
}

然后在之前定义的计算属性的 get 中触发收集依赖即可。

function createComputedGetter(key) {
    return function computedGetter() {
        const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key];
        if (watcher) {
            if (watcher.dirty) {
                watcher.evaluate();
            }
            if (Dep.target) {
                watcher.depend();
            }
            return watcher.value;
        }
    };
}

回到开头的场景:

import { observe } from "./reactive";
import { initComputed } from "./state";
import Watcher from "./watcher";
const options = {
    data: {
        firstName: "wind",
        secondName: "liang",
        title: "标题",
    },
    computed: {
        name() {
            console.log("name我执行啦!");
            return this.firstName + this.secondName;
        },
    },
};
observe(options.data);
initComputed(options.data, options.computed);

const updateComponent = () => {
    console.log("updateComponent执行啦!");
    document.getElementById("root").innerText =
        options.data.name + options.data.title;
};

new Watcher(options.data, updateComponent);

setTimeout(() => {
    options.data.firstName = "wind2";
}, 1000);

此时修改 firstName 的值就会触发 updateComponent 函数的执行了。

image-20220420101247642

此时的依赖图如下:

image-20220420101629653

#

computed 对应的函数作为了一个 Watcher ,使用计算属性的函数也是一个 Watchercomputed 函数中使用的属性会将这两个 Watcher 都收集上。

此外 Watcher 增加了 lazy 属性,如果 lazytrue,当触发 Watcher 执行的时候不执行内部的函数,将函数的执行让渡给外部管理。

需要注意的一点是,我们是将 computed 所有的 watcher 都挂在了 data 上,实际上 Vue 中是挂在当前的组件实例上的。

Last Updated: 6/6/2022, 9:53:00 PM